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Trunk deck ship
A trunk deck ship is a type of merchant ship with a hull that was stepped inward in order to obtain more favourable treatment under canal toll rules then in effect. As those tolls were set by net tonnage, a measure of volume, and as the tonnage rules did not account for all of the cargo space of such vessels, they incurred lower tolls than more conventional ships of equivalent capacity. When the measurement rules were changed, the type was no longer built.
==Background and design==
Trunk deck ships were influenced by (some would say copied from) turret deck ships. In 1892, the Sunderland, England firm of William Doxford and Sons Ltd. built its first turret deck ship. Inspired by U.S. whalebacks, one of which had recently visited Liverpool, Doxford built a ship which had a curved hull form which was stepped in above the waterline.〔Craig, p. 35; Woodman, p. 179.〕 The narrow part of the hull, called a ''turret'', was part of the hold.〔Woodman, p. 179.〕
Four years after the first turret deck ship, the first trunk deck ship appeared. SS ''Trunkby'', completed in 1896, was built by Robert Ropner at his shipyard at Stockton-on-Tees.〔(Ropner Shipbuilding ); Duerkop, (Some Marine Terminology ) (definition 60, TRUNKED DECK STEAMER);〕 This vessel was of "three-island" construction with a forecastle, bridge house, and quarterdeck, extending to the full width of a low-freeboard hull. A distinctive feature was a long "trunk" along the centerline, with a breadth of about half the vessel's beam, which connected the three elements of the superstructure.〔Walton, p. 161.〕 This trunk was stepped inward from the sides of the hull.〔Craig, ''Different types of vessels classified in Lloyd's Register Book'' (illustration), inside front cover; (Photograph, bow 1/4 view of SS ''Trunkby'' ).〕 That trunk was not a deckhouse or superstructure, but was part of the hull, and contained cargo space.〔Craig, ''Steam Tramps and Cargo Liners'', Cross-sections of typical bulk carrying cargo ships built between the 1870's and 1900's (illustration reproduced from ''Transactions of the Institute of Naval Architects'', XLIX (1907)), inside back cover.〕
In hull form, trunk ships resembled turret deck vessels, differing mainly in eliminating the curves and joining the above-water horizontal part of the hull with the vertical strakes and sides of the trunk by right angles.〔Craig, ''Different types of vessels classified in Lloyd's Register Book'' (illustration), inside front cover; Woodman, p. 180 (illustration of exemplars of trunk and turret deck ships, taken from Paasch, ''From Keel to Mast-Truck'', a marine dictionary).〕 The similarity was such that Doxford, builder and operator of the turret decks, sued Ropners for patent infringement.〔(Some Marine Terminology ) (definition 60, TRUNKED DECK STEAMER).〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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